8th Century

The 8th century was a significant period in world history, marked by various events and developments in different regions. Here are some notable world events that took place during this time:

• Rise of the Islamic Caliphates: The 8th century saw the expansion of the Islamic Caliphates, with the Umayyad Caliphate in the Middle East and North Africa and the Abbasid Caliphate, which succeeded the Umayyads and shifted the capital to Baghdad. This era witnessed the spread of Islam and the blending of different cultures within the Islamic territories.
• Battle of Tours: In 732, the Battle of Tours (also known as the Battle of Poitiers) occurred in present-day France. It was a significant conflict between the Frankish forces led by Charles Martel and the Umayyad Caliphate. The Franks successfully halted the Muslim advance into Western Europe, which had lasting implications for European history.
• Tang Dynasty in China: The Tang Dynasty (618-907) was a prosperous period in Chinese history. During the 8th century, China experienced economic growth, agricultural advancements, cultural achievements, and expansion of its influence into Central Asia.
• Charlemagne and the Carolingian Empire: Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great, ruled as King of the Franks from 768 and became the first Holy Roman Emperor in 800. He expanded his empire through military campaigns and initiated educational and administrative reforms.
• Vikings and Norse Expansion: The 8th century saw the emergence of Viking raids and subsequent Norse expansion throughout Europe. The Vikings, seafaring warriors from Scandinavia, embarked on extensive trade, exploration, and conquest, leaving a lasting impact on European history.
• Iconoclasm Controversy: In the Byzantine Empire, the 8th century witnessed the Iconoclasm Controversy, a theological and political dispute regarding the use of religious icons. Byzantine emperors, such as Leo III and Constantine V, opposed the veneration of icons, leading to a period of icon destruction and the division of the Byzantine Church.
• Mayan Civilization: In Mesoamerica, the 8th century marked the peak of the Classic Maya civilization. During this time, Maya city-states flourished, building impressive architectural structures and making advancements in mathematics, astronomy, and writing.
• Battle of Talas: The Battle of Talas occurred in 751 between the Abbasid Caliphate and the Tang Dynasty. It took place in present-day Kyrgyzstan and resulted in a decisive victory for the Abbasids. This battle had significant consequences for Central Asia, as it led to the capture of Chinese prisoners skilled in papermaking, contributing to the spread of papermaking technology in the Islamic world.

These are just a few examples of the events that shaped the 8th century. The century was characterized by shifts in political power, cultural exchanges, religious controversies, and the rise of influential empires and civilizations.