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The sky is not completely dark at night. Were the sky absolutely dark, one would not be able to see the silhouette of an object against the sky.
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Collegiate Church of Santa Juliana
The Collegiate Church of Santa Juliana in Santillana del Mar is a remarkable and historically significant religious site located in the picturesque town of Santillana del Mar in Cantabria, Spain. It is an architectural gem and a must-visit destination for anyone interested in history, art, and culture.
The Collegiate Church of Santa Juliana is an exquisite example of Romanesque architecture. It was constructed between the 12th and 14th centuries, and its design showcases the unique characteristics of this architectural style. The church’s exterior is adorned with intricately carved stone detailing, including impressive arches, columns, and sculptures.
The interior of Santa Juliana’s Church is equally stunning. Visitors can admire the ornate altarpieces, exquisite stained glass windows, and a collection of religious art. The architectural details and the play of light within the church create a serene and awe-inspiring atmosphere.
The church’s history is intertwined with the town of Santillana del Mar. Santa Juliana is the patron saint of the town, and her relics are kept within the church. The church has been a site of pilgrimage for centuries.
The Collegiate Church of Santa Juliana in Santillana del Mar is a magnificent blend of history, art, and spirituality. It provides a unique opportunity to explore the beauty of Romanesque architecture and immerse yourself in the rich cultural heritage of the region. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, an art lover, or a traveler looking for a truly authentic Spanish experience, a visit to Santa Juliana’s Church and the town of Santillana del Mar is sure to be a memorable and enriching experience.
Details
Pl. Abad Francisco Navarro, 39330 Santillana del Mar, Cantabria, Spain
Attraction opening days and times can change with no warning.
Always double-check information with the official website before making any plans
Photos
© Santillana del Mar 
© Santillana del Mar 
© Santillana del Mar 
© Santillana del Mar Santillana del Mar
Santillana del Mar, often referred to as the “Town of Three Lies,” is a picturesque and enchanting village located in the northern region of Spain, specifically in the autonomous community of Cantabria. It’s a place of incredible historical and architectural significance, making it a must-visit destination for anyone looking to immerse themselves in Spain’s rich…
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Wawel Royal Castle
(AKA Zamek Królewski na Wawelu)
The Wawel Castle’s history dates back over a thousand years. It was originally constructed in the 11th century as a fortified residence for the Polish monarchs. Over the centuries, it has undergone numerous renovations, expansions, and changes in architectural styles, reflecting Poland’s complex and turbulent history.
Medieval Origins: The castle’s origins can be traced to the reign of King Bolesław I the Brave, who built a modest stone castle on Wawel Hill in the 11th century. It served as a royal residence and fortress.
Gothic Splendor: In the 14th century, during the reign of King Casimir III the Great, the castle was rebuilt in the Gothic style. The most notable feature from this period is the Wawel Cathedral, a stunning example of Polish Gothic architecture, where many Polish kings were crowned and buried.
Renaissance Revival: The Renaissance period brought significant changes to the castle’s architecture. King Sigismund I and his son, Sigismund II Augustus, commissioned Italian architects to remodel various parts of the castle, resulting in the splendid Renaissance architecture you can see today.
Baroque and Beyond: The castle continued to evolve, incorporating elements of Baroque and other architectural styles over time. During the Polish partitions and subsequent periods of foreign rule, the castle’s role changed, and it suffered neglect.
Restoration: In the 20th century, after Poland regained independence, extensive restoration efforts were undertaken to return the castle to its former glory. The Wawel Royal Castle has since become a symbol of Polish heritage and national identity.
Visiting the Wawel Royal Castle is not only a journey through Poland’s history but also an opportunity to admire its architectural beauty. It stands as a testament to the country’s resilience and cultural heritage, making it a must-visit destination for anyone interested in history, art, and architecture.
Visit Notes
This is a large complex where you’ll likely need to make choices about what you want to see. Their website is a great resource to tell you about the different areas you can visit and allows you to buy timed tickets in advance.
The outdoor portion of the complex itself is open for you to visit at any time. I spent a couple of mornings there, watching some Eurasian Kestrel juveniles (at least I think that’s what they were) and their mom. The security guards gave me funny looks until one of them finally spotted what I was photographing and then they all took turns coming over to take their own pictures.
We chose to view the Lost Wawel, the Armoury, and the Crown Treasury exhibits and we enjoyed them all. Lost Wawel has archaeological treasures found on site as well as original old foundations. There are pieces of columns and pediments, old fireplaces, and other carved stone treasures to be found. The Armoury and the Treasury are exactly what they sound like. The Armoury had an impressive array of weaponry, from halberds and maces, to canon and guns.
If you want to visit the Royal Cathedral, it has a separate website where you can purchase tickets. Photography is not allowed inside the cathedral, so I didn’t feel like going in. Sometimes I get salty about churches taking tourist money, and then acting like the place is so sacred you can’t take pictures inside. Decide whether you want to be a tourist attraction or not. Okay, rant over.
Our favorite part of the whole thing? The Polish Mint store. Both my daughter and one of our travel companions collect coins and the store was an excellent place to pick up a souvenir.
Details
9:00 – 18:00
Attraction opening days and times can change with no warning.
Always double-check information with the official website before making any plans
Photos
Other Sights
Kraków
Krakow, Poland is a city that seamlessly blends history, culture, and vibrant contemporary life, making it a fantastic destination for travelers. Krakow, often hailed as the “cultural capital” of Poland, is a city steeped in history and brimming with charm. Nestled in the southern part of the country, Krakow is a city that balances its…
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St. Florian’s Gate
(AKA Brama Floriańska)
St. Florian’s Gate is a historic and iconic landmark located in the city of Kraków, Poland. It is one of the most recognizable and well-preserved gates in the city and holds a significant place in Kraków’s history and culture.
St. Florian’s Gate was constructed in the 14th century as a part of the medieval fortifications that encircled Kraków. It served as one of the main entrances to the city and played a crucial role in its defense against potential invaders.
The gate was named after St. Florian, the patron saint of firefighters. A statue of the saint holding a bucket of water stands on top of the gate, which became a symbol of protection against fires, a significant concern in medieval cities made primarily of wooden buildings.
St. Florian’s Gate is an excellent example of Gothic architecture. It features an impressive tower with tall spires, decorative stone carvings, and battlements that reflect the architectural style of the time.
The gate was connected to a larger defensive structure known as the Kraków Barbican, which was a fortified outpost located just beyond the gate. The barbican was designed to strengthen the city’s defenses further and was connected to the city walls.
Over the centuries, Kraków outgrew its medieval walls and fortifications, and St. Florian’s Gate lost its defensive significance. In the 19th century, the gate underwent renovations, restoring and preserving its historic character.
Today, St. Florian’s Gate stands as a symbol of Kraków’s rich history and cultural heritage. It serves as a gateway to the historic Old Town of Kraków, which is a UNESCO World Heritage site and home to numerous historic buildings, churches, and landmarks.
Visit Notes
The gate is interesting and it’s a nice way to get from the old town into Planty Park. Under the gate’s arch you’ll find a small altar. You can go into the tower from the City Defensive Walls museum which is located in the tower to the east of St. Florian’s Gate, along the wall.
Details
Photos
© Scotch Mist, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 
Jakub Hałun, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Other Sights
Kraków
Krakow, Poland is a city that seamlessly blends history, culture, and vibrant contemporary life, making it a fantastic destination for travelers. Krakow, often hailed as the “cultural capital” of Poland, is a city steeped in history and brimming with charm. Nestled in the southern part of the country, Krakow is a city that balances its…
Thanks for visiting! I hope you have a great trip.
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Kraków Barbican
(AKA Barbakan)
The Barbican was built in the late 15th century, between 1498 and 1499. Its construction was commissioned by King John I Albert of Poland as a response to the evolving military needs of the time. This massive structure was part of the city’s defensive fortifications.
The Barbican is a prime example of Gothic military architecture. It is a circular fortress made of brick and stone, featuring seven turrets and a drawbridge. Its formidable appearance was designed to deter potential invaders and protect the city from outside threats.
During its early years, the Barbican served as a crucial element of Kraków’s fortifications, which included city walls and gates. It played a vital role in defending the city against various external threats, including the Ottoman Empire and other neighboring powers.
As military technology evolved, the Barbican’s defensive significance decreased. By the 18th century, it had lost its primary function as a fortification, and the city’s walls had largely fallen into disrepair.
In the 19th century, there was a growing awareness of the historical importance of Kraków’s fortifications, including the Barbican. Efforts were made to preserve and restore this iconic structure. Today, it stands as one of the best-preserved medieval barbicans in Europe.
The Barbican is now a popular tourist attraction in Kraków, drawing visitors from around the world. Its well-preserved architecture and historical significance make it a captivating destination for history enthusiasts and travelers interested in the city’s past.
Inside the Barbican, you’ll find a museum that showcases the history of the fortifications and the city’s defenses. The museum often hosts exhibitions and events that provide further insights into Kraków’s history.
Details
Basztowa, 30-547 Kraków, Poland
Wednesday – Sunday
10:00 – 18:00
Attraction opening days and times can change with no warning.
Always double-check information with the official website before making any plans
Photos
© Museum of Kraków 
Ludvig14, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons Kraków
Krakow, Poland is a city that seamlessly blends history, culture, and vibrant contemporary life, making it a fantastic destination for travelers. Krakow, often hailed as the “cultural capital” of Poland, is a city steeped in history and brimming with charm. Nestled in the southern part of the country, Krakow is a city that balances its…
Thanks for visiting! I hope you have a great trip.
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The Princes Czartoryski Museum
(AKA Muzeum Książąt Czartoryskich)
The Princes Czartoryski Museum is steeped in history. It was founded in 1796 by Princess Izabela Czartoryska and her son Prince Adam Czartoryski. The museum played a vital role in preserving Polish culture during times of foreign occupation, making it an important symbol of Polish heritage.
The museum is renowned for its impressive art collection, which includes works from various periods and regions. One of its most famous pieces is Leonardo da Vinci‘s masterpiece, “Lady with an Ermine,” which is considered one of the world’s great art treasures. In addition to this iconic painting, you can explore a wide range of artworks, including sculptures, tapestries, and decorative art pieces.
The museum also houses the Wawel Treasures, a priceless collection of royal memorabilia, regalia, and ceremonial objects. These items showcase the rich history of Polish royalty and provide valuable insights into the country’s past.
The Czartoryski Library is another highlight. It contains a vast collection of rare books, manuscripts, and documents, making it a valuable resource for researchers and history enthusiasts.
The museum itself is a work of art. Housed in a beautiful historic building, it offers a stunning architectural backdrop to the exhibits. The interiors are tastefully decorated, providing a sense of grandeur and historical charm.
Visiting the Princes Czartoryski Museum is a journey through Polish history and culture. It allows you to connect with the nation’s heritage and gain a deeper understanding of its artistic and historical evolution.
Details
Pijarska 15, 31-015 Kraków, Poland
Tuesday – Sunday
10:00 – 18:00
Closed Mondays
Attraction opening days and times can change with no warning.
Always double-check information with the official website before making any plans
Photos
© The Princes Czartoryski Museum 
© The Princes Czartoryski Museum 
© The Princes Czartoryski Museum 
© The Princes Czartoryski Museum 
© The Princes Czartoryski Museum Kraków
Krakow, Poland is a city that seamlessly blends history, culture, and vibrant contemporary life, making it a fantastic destination for travelers. Krakow, often hailed as the “cultural capital” of Poland, is a city steeped in history and brimming with charm. Nestled in the southern part of the country, Krakow is a city that balances its…
Thanks for visiting! I hope you have a great trip.
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The sky is not completely dark at night. Were the sky absolutely dark, one would not be able to see the silhouette of an object against the sky.
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